Microfinance benefits developing nations

two years ago, Mama Monique and her six children were evicted from their home in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Now, after getting an initial $50 loan, she owns and runs a local bread and sweet roll company out of her home, rents an apartment and can afford to send her children to school.

Mama Monique is just one success story of microfinance, a business model that helps people in developing countries work their way out of poverty through small loans - anywhere from $50 to $1000 - with little or no interest rate and no collateral.

They use the loan money as capital to start small businesses to sustain themselves and, over time, pay back the loans.

At the University, the Microfinance Alliance, a student group that promotes awareness of the economic model, attended and participated on panel discussions at the Nobel Peace Prize Forum this weekend at Concordia College in Moorhead, Minn.

Mohammed Yunus, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 for his pioneering work in microfinance, was one the forum's featured speakers.

Although the group traveled to Moorhead for the event, it was also held at the Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs at the University the next day.

Yunus founded the Grameen Bank, one of the first microfinance organizations, in Bangladesh in 1976. According to Grameen Bank's January figures, the bank lent money to 7,440,000 people with a full loan recovery rate of 98.28 percent.

The high return rate on the loans, despite no collateral incentive and low interest rates, makes the system unique and almost completely self-sustaining.

Because most of the money loaned out is repaid in full, it can then be reloaned to others in need.

Jonathon Newhouse, a board member for the Microfinance Alliance, learned of Mama Monique's story when he was on a student trip to the Democratic Republic of Congo with Hope International, a nonprofit group that does microfinance work.

"She was just so grateful," Newhouse said. "You take someone who's just so dispirited and without any hope for improving their situation, and now they're empowered to take charge of their own life. It's a really amazing thing."

Since people in poor countries don't typically have assets for collateral on a traditional credit model, they would otherwise be subjected to loan sharks who sometimes charge 200 percent interest a day, Newhouse said.

Microfinance Alliance President Adrienne Peirce said the high microfinance loan return rate is partially because of the flexible structure of small, weekly payments, but also out of community support.

"Clients are also enthusiastic about repaying loans in many cases because they appreciate the opportunity they've been given to improve their income," she said.

Dan Kaskubar, who is involved in Microfinance Alliance, said he's amazed how little it takes to impact someone's life through microfinance.

"You give an initial piece of capital, and that's enough to jump-start an entire virtuous cycle of income generation in developing countries," he said. "There is no other way that you and me or anyone else can make such a dramatic impact in another human's life, ever."

While microfinance is usually done through large organizations like Hope International or the Grameen Bank, individuals can put money toward a loan for someone, too.

Kiva is an online organization for individual citizens to invest money in specific recipients, listed on its Web site.

Investors can sometimes keep in touch with the business' progress and then eventually they get the money returned to them, depending on the terms of the loan.

Felix Meschke, an assistant professor of finance in the Carlson School, isn't involved in Microfinance Alliance, but knows how little it takes to change a person's life through the microfinance model.

"Microfinance is something where you say, 'OK, I've got those $25 and instead of earning half a percent in my checking account, I'm going to lend this to somebody who seems to have a decent plan,' " he said. "It's a relatively easy way for people in the developed world to help out."

Peirce, of Microfinance Alliance, said she's excited about the strides the group is making.

"It's great to be a part of something that helps people's lives and can inspire you to put in a lot of effort when you see how it makes people's lives better," she said. "You could easily argue that ending world poverty is coming within reach, and it's an interesting challenge."


http://www.mndaily.com/

SPEAK OUT: In health insurance, the fox is watching the henhouse

DUXBURY —

I fully agree with one point in your editorial on controlling health care costs: “That’s what you get when you let the health insurance industry write the reforms.”

I would like to refer you to a recent New England Journal of Medicine article that came out Feb. 7. The article, “Market-Based Failure – A Second Opinion on U.S. Health Care Costs,” refutes the notion that the market can optimize the efficiencies of medicine.

In one of the early paragraphs he points out the inefficiency of our multiple-payer bureaucracies which “siphon off $400 billion to $500 billion of the $2.2 trillion spent” for total health care expenditures.

I have not read recently about any layoffs at the large health insurance companies due to poor profits. Insurance companies are not forced to increase their efficiency. When their profits are threatened, they can raise premiums, increase the cost of deductibles and co-payments, decrease pay-outs to doctors and hospitals and limit their services to patients.

No one is asking them to reduce the salaries of their executives, or pare down their advertising budget, streamline their billing processes, or use their clout to get pharmaceutical companies to lower the cost of medications.

How else do you explain the $16.4 million severance package that the retiring CEO of Blue Cross Blue Shield William C. Faasen is receiving? Because he made the business profitable.

I agree that businesses pay a lot to insure their employees. It is only natural for an employer to look at the bottom line cost for his company’s insurance. What the boss does not realize is the insurance companies are not reducing the cost of the insurance by increasing their own efficiency, but reducing what they pay to doctors and hospitals.

The smartest graduates will be going into business professions to make a good living, not to medical school. And when medical graduates come out of school with large loans, the lure of a high-paying specialty is more attractive than primary care. Then everyone wants to know why there is a shortage of primary care health professionals in this state.

I do not believe insurance companies have patients’ best interests in mind. The fox is never good at guarding the henhouse. They are a business, and their first concern is their bottom line.

Thus, health care for all will not be affordable if we pursue health insurance for all without recognizing it for the inefficient business bureaucracy it is.


http://www.patriotledger.com/opinions/x758352068

Bankers fear commercial loan ills are next

As the housing market crumbles and recession fears dog the broader economy, bankers are concerned local commercial lending will be next.

Commercial-oriented lending totaled $46 billion as of Sept. 30, 2007, and accounts for 28 percent of metro Atlanta's $162 billion loan market, according to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.

Bankers are already noting loans for commercial purposes -- either the development of commercial real estate (called CRE) or for business expansion (known as C&I) -- are widely expected to be the next to have repayment problems.

"We're expecting a deterioration in both CRE and C&I throughout this year, influenced by the broader economy and residential real estate," said Doug Williams, CEO of Atlantic Capital Bank.



http://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/2008/02/18/story9.html